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Effect of Water Stress on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Yield in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

299-302Full Text

Hamid Reza Mobasser* and Abolfazl Tavassoli

Abstract
To determine the effects of water deficiency in reproductive growth stages of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) a field experiment was conducted as split-plot arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications in 2004-05 of Islamic Azad University research field of Zahedan, Iran. In this experiment, there were 4 levels of irrigation, S0: complete irrigation, S1: halted irrigation at squaring, S2: halted irrigation at 50% flowering, S3: halted irrigation at grain filling as main plot, and cultivars in 3 levels, V1: Zaria, V2: Alstar, V3: Azargol as sub factor. The result of this study highlight that irrigation treatments was significant on plant height, seed number of head, 1000 grain weight, yield grain, oil yield and oil percent. Most of grain yield, oil and oil percent were at complete irrigation. Experiment cultivars was different together from grain yield, oil yield, stem diagonal, seed number of plate, 1000 grain yield, plate diagonal, plant height, number of leaf and harvest index. The Azargol was better characteristics to other cultivars. In this experiment cultivars showed different reaction at halted irrigation treatments.

The using of logistic integrated total expected costs models in supply chain management (Case Study: Sanaye Felezi Iran CO)

303-313Full Text

Javad Khamisabadi*, Mehdi Behjat Khajeh, Mohammad Reza Shahbazkhan, Abouzar Mir Derikvand and Mahmood Majd

Abstract
This research about the use of integration and minimization of supply chain and logistic total expected cost model in Sanaye Feleziye Iran Co. In previous research that be done in this company, focus only on supply, production and distribution models or the combination of two models from these models, but there is no review the relationship between these three models. This issue is very importance because integration of total expected costs in terms of supply, production and distribution is the main reason for reduce of total expected costs. This research includes of the use of supply, production and distribution models and an integration model that is integrated supply, production and distribution systems.

STUDY ON BACILLARIOPHYCEAE PHYLUM CHANGES IN SOUTHERN CASPIAN SEA

314-320Full Text

Fatemeh Sadat Tahami* and Reza Pourgholam

Abstract
In this study for maturing of Bacillariophyceae species, choose 6 line Lisar, Anzaly, Sefidrood, Nooshahr, Babolsar and Amirabad that every line have 4 stations(A, B, C, D) and water for analysis have taken from different deeps (0,5,10,20,50,100) meter in southern of Caspian sea and then transferred to laboratory of Caspian sea ecological institute. Then the samples transferred to laboratory of Ecological Academy, kept in cool and darkness in properly capped glass bottles. The phytoplankton was analyzed on a “Nikon” light microscope at ×480 magnification. Algae abundance was determined using the Hydro bios counting chamber and sampled (volume 0.1 ml). In this study, during 1995-1996 the overall average cell abundance and biomass of Bacillariophyceae in different seasons were significant different. The dominant cell abundance was recorded in winter (79%). During 2006-2007, cell abundance of Bacillariophyceae increased but Pyrrophyta show decrease of cell abundance. Since major changes in an ecosystem can affect all the tropic levels in the food chain, any ecological and environmental alteration can have a significant impact on Bacillariophyceae species specially the largesized Bacillariophyceae community in the Caspian Sea.

Experimental Survey Roterdam Demand System By Using Urban Family Of Consumer Costs Data Case Study: Province Of Sistan and Balouchestan, Iran

321-334Full Text

Alireza Hirad*, Sogol Hirad and Sepideh Hirad

Abstract
Consumer demand system expresses how consumers allocate their income among various products. These models are usually based on microeconomic theory which considers the demand side and neglects the supply side. In other words, the demand-supply analysis is independent. In this research, firstly, the characteristics of consumer demand and the demand function extraction methods are discussed and finally, using data from the spending of urban households in Sistan and Blouchstan both bound and unbound Rotterdam demand system is estimated. The results show that the 2 states of theory of the demand is true for goods groups and to determine the Rotterdam demand system consistent with the theory or not, homogeneity and symmetry constraints of the parent test, are tried. The results indicated that the homogeneity and symmetry in Rotterdam demand system is provided.

Assessment of an arm-positioning pillow to prevent waking paresthesia symptoms related to side sleepers: using echo-Doppler imaging

335-339Full Text

Karim Leilnahari , Hamidreza Ghasemi Bahraseman* and Mostafa Sadeghy

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess arm positioning pillow to prevent waking paresthesia symptoms related to side sleepers arms. This problem resulted from pressure of head weight on arm. This pressure obstructs the blood flow to nerve fibers in some part of anatomy. The ergonomic arm positioning pillow includes an upper portion having a top part for supporting the head of a sleeper and a bottom part having a space to protect the arm from head weight pressure. Blood’s volumetric flow of brachial artery was measured by echo-Doppler imaging while the subjects slept on their arms (stage 1) and next stage was with applying arm-positioning pillow (stage 2) for 16 healthy subjects. When head pressure was considered (stage 1), the measured blood volumetric flow of brachial artery was lower on average by 77.25% than the case in which the subjects applied an arm positioning pillow (stage 2). Despite the use of a simplified model of an arm positioning pillow, releasing from head weight pressure and subsequent paresthesia symptoms was achieved for side sleepers arms considering of the elimination of arm’s blood flow reduction.

A serological and molecular (PCR) survey on abortions caused by Brucella melitensis Rev-1 vaccine strain in sheep herds of Tabriz-Iran

340-343Full Text

M. Saberi, H. Hamali*, R. Jafari Joozani , K. Nofouzi and GH. Noorsaadat

Abstract
Sheep and goats brucellosis is a zoonotic infection with important effects on both public and animal health and is widespread in many areas of the world, including Iran. The main purpose of this study was to determine of seroprevalence of brucellosis among the aborted ewes and in the same time, detection of bacterial DNA in the aborted fetal tissues by the PCR protocol. From October 2010 to March 2011, peripheral blood samples were taken from 100 ewes aborted in the farms of Tabriz (North-West of Iran) and their sera separated by centrifugation. Serum samples analyzed by ELISA (Pourquire-ELISA Kit manufactured by France). At the same time, tissue samples were taken from the abomasal fluid, liver, kidney, spleen, lung, heart and brain of the aborted fetuses and dam’s placenta and tested by PCR. Twelve out of 100 dams (12%) were seropositive to the Brucella spp. and twelve out of 100 aborted fetuses (12%) showed positive reaction to the Brucella melitensis Rev-1 vaccine strain by the PCR. None of the aborted fetuses showed positive reaction to the B. melitensis standard strain (ATCC 23457). Statistical analysis did not show any significant difference between two diagnostic methods (PCR and serological tests). However, PCR protocol is preferred to the serological tests due to its ability to differentiate of the Brucella strains. In conclusion, both serological and particularly PCR tests are recommended for diagnosis of Brucella strains in the ewes subjected to abortion. According to our PCR test results, vaccination with Brucella melitensis Rev-1 vaccine strain could be abortive in pregnant ewes.

An Investigation of Traffic Noise Pollution Effects on Citizens` General and Mental Health (Case Study: Kermanshah City)

344-349Full Text

Kamran Noori* and Farhad Zand

Abstract
Kermanshah people working at different jobs comprise the statistical population of this study and the sample group was selected according to work location, the amount of exposure to traffic noise, and the probable effect of traffic noise at work place; being classified as mild, moderate, severe, and extreme groups. Questionnaires were distributed among them and a simple random sampling method was used. The number of credible samples from each group was 50 people. The questionnaires were presently handed out to 254 people in these groups, from which 200 credible questionnaires from four different groups acknowledged the existence of traffic noise. The amount and the intensity of traffic noise effects were investigated in the four groups. The highest amount of effects in the four groups was respectively seen among traffic officers and shopkeepers working in crowded locations, then among shopkeepers working in non-crowded locations, and finally in the university students and staff group. Without doubt, the amount and the intensity of effect is demonstrative of the existence of noise at people's work place, the amount of which varies from job to job, according to the type of the job and the amount of exposure to noise pollution.

The Effect of Drought Stress and Micronutrient of Zn and Mn on yield and Essential Oil of (Cuminum cyminum)

350-356Full Text

Majid Mazaheri, Baratali Fakheri, Issa Piri and Abolfazl Tavassoli*

Abstract
In order to study the effect of drought stress and application of micronutrient of Zn and Mn on yield, yield components and essential oil of cumin medicinal plant, a experiment in split plot arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications conducted in Zahedan city, Iran, in 2012. Drought stress in three levels (including control and stopping irrigation at vegetative and reproductive stages) as main plot and four levels of micronutrients (including control, Zn, Mn and Zn+Mn) as sub plot investigated. Plant height, number of umbrella per plant, number of seed per umbrella, seed weight, seed yield, biomass, essential oil yield and its percentage were measured. Results of statistical analysis showed that stopping irrigation at vegetative stage led to significant reduction in yield and its components. The highest seed yield and biomass with averages of 438.37 and 828.72 kg.ha-1 achieved from control treatment respectively, which had no difference with stopping irrigation at reproductive stage; stopping irrigation at vegetative stage led to decrease of seed yield and biomass about 28.2 and 21.6 percent against control treatment. Essential oil yield of cumin decreased significantly with increasing of drought severity. While micronutrients have no effect on yield of essential oil, but results showed an increase of 22.1% in Zn+Mn against control treatment.

Comparison of Creation Discipline in the Language of Sanai and Attar

357-360Full Text

Shapour Nourazar

Abstract
The existing system in the world is visible with a particular coordinate. Theology requires that everything and everyone be in their place. Sometimes a man throws himself in booby trap and complains of fortuity of being as this is not the good common sense. According to Sanaie the world is governed by a real discipline. The man was an insignificant being when God breathed his spirit into him, and endeared him. Evil and good just is in the human senses while in the presence of God everything is beautiful. If there is suffering in the world there are hundreds of treasures hidden beneath. According to Attar, matters of God and governing discipline are far from dispute. The divine mercy is universal and boundless that includes everyone and everything. And tells the man that whatever God has granted be satisfied and thankful as God grants everyone according to talent and ability.

Comparison of Good and Evil in the Mystical Literature of Islam with other Religions

361-364Full Text

Shapour Nourazar

Abstract
In one account, the evil in Islamic view is that, the world is divided into two categories: good and evil. But in another account, there is no evil in the creation, what is there is good or to achieve good. A very common argument is that evil is necessary to create a good. God sent a Holley book in which the subject of good and evil is quite clear. So, adopt a good way to get led and give up the evil till to stay in a direct path. In other religions, such as Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, Buddhism, Jayny, and Confucianism there are certain ideas about good and evil. Hindu religion says that evil is ultimately unreal. Christianity says that evil is something that can be ignored. Buddhism says that evil is also real. Zoroastrianism and Jayny say half of the being is evil, Confucian religion says there is not much evil in the world. Basically most people regard good and evil based on subjective natural human reaction to an object.

Electron-Positron Plasma Considerations in Nano-Femto Second Time Range

365-368Full Text

A. Abdollah poor and Z. Emami*

Abstract
The electron-positron plasmas are not limited to just laboratories they can be found in many different places from filament of a lamp or stellar phenomena So knowing electron-positron plasmas play a crucial role in understanding the world that we live in. Ionization of gases and formation of plasma and even the X radiation of massive masses in the sky can be studied using the principles of electron-positron plasmas. Here we analyze the properties of electron-positron plasma from nanosecond to fem to second, properties such as temperature, frequency, energy etc.

Effects of organic composts on yield and protein content of corn cultivars in Khash region

369-374Full Text

Hamid Reza Ganjali*, Hamid Reza Mobasser and Afsaneh Esmaielzehi and Abolfazl Tavassoli

Abstract
In order to study of effect of organic composts on yield and protein content of corn cultivars, an experiment was carried out in 2011 in Sohrababad research center located in east north of Khash. The experimental design was split plot, using randomized complete block design with three replications. The factors included were, main factors: without consumption of compost (S0), consumption of 200 kg/ha of chicken organic compost (S1), consumption of 200 kg/ha of fish organic compost (S2), consumption of 900 kg/ha of cow organic compost (S3) and three sub factors: single cross 704 (V1), Keniz (V2), Maxima (V 3). The results indicated that consumption of organic composts leads to a significant increase in plant height, seed yield and biological yield; however it hadn’t significant effect on protein content of corn. Also interaction effect of organic composts application and corn cultivars had significantly effect on plant height, seed yield, biological yield and protein content of corn. Generally, in this experiment the highest corn yield obtained from treatment of cow organic compost application and single cross 704 cultivar.

Comparison of Using Different Systems of Artificial Intelligence in Subsurface Water Level Prediction (Case Study: Paddy Fields of Plain Areas between Tajan and Nekaroud Rivers, Mazandaran, Iran)

375-381Full Text

B. Moumeni*, S. H. Golmai and J. Abbas Palangi

Abstract
Novelty of the implementation drainage system in paddy fields and studies in this case led to the observation wells network with sufficient data does not exist in the northern region of the Iran and consequently does not provide access to subsurface water level of long-term data. Due to the complex and nonlinear behavior of subsurface water systems and to consider many factors affecting it, it seems to be difficult to predict the groundwater level. In this research, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Neuro- Fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is used to predict the subsurface water level in paddy fields of Plain Areas between Tajan and Nekaroud Rivers. The results indicated by removal the wells that water depth is zero in them can be achieved reasonably accurate in predicting subsurface water depth in the study area and ANN with tangent sigmoid transfer function and with five neurons in the hidden layer and ANFIS with subtractive clustering and range of influence equal to 0.7 have almost the same accuracy in predicting the depth of subsurface water because the correlation coefficient of these two models are Respectively 0.8416 and 0.8593 and RMSE of them is 0.2667 and 0.2491.

The Effect of Different Levels of Threonine on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens

382-386Full Text

F. Moradi Estalkhzir, S. Khojasteh* and M. Jafari

Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of threonine on performance and carcass characteristics of broilers on 160 mail Ross 308 broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates for each treatment for forty-two days. Basal diet containing corn, soybeans and wheat was regulated recommendations based catalogs of Ross.Incremental levels of threonine supplementation were added to the basal diet to 4 treatments in a range of 94(control),105,110 and 115 percentage of threonine be provided.Traits major were feed intake ,weight gain, feed conversion ratio, Carcass Characteristics and total cost of nutrition were measured at the end of 42 days.The results of this study indicated that in total period of the breeding,the highest feed intake and weight gain is related to treatments of threonine 110 and 115 percentage,therefore the best feed conversion ratio has been achieved with the use of these treatments.The results of Carcass characteristics indicated that threonine 115 percentage treatment has the highest percentege of carcass and control is minimal.Also,the highest percentaje of abdominal fat related to 115 percentage treatment and the lowest it percentage is related to threonine 105 percentage treatment.The highest relative percentages of heart,bursa fabricius and breast was obtained with threonine 115 percentage treatment ,however , the relative percentages of liver,thigh and gizzard was not affected by different levels of dietary threonine .Finally the lowest feed cost per kg of body weight was observed with threonine 115 percentage treatment.

A comparative study of the quality of urban life The case study of Mashhad neighborhoods (Kosar and Saber)

387-397Full Text

Javad Babaei* and Mohammad AjzaShokouhi

Abstract
Almost concurrent with the dilution of the concept, function and structure of urban areas in Iran, the theories and experiences of urban planning in the West have provided new insight into the urban development based on the concept of theneighborhood. One of such concepts is the quality of urban life which has substantially expanded in the developed and industrialized cities and countriessince the 1970s. This study, using both objective and subjective approaches, attempts to compare the quality of life in Saber andKosar neighborhoods in Mashhad. A descriptive - analytic study based on a questionnaire was used and the results were analyzed using multivariate regression methods. The results suggested that the physical indicatorsin each neighborhood had the greatestcausal influence. Saber and Kosar neighborhoods with a score of 2.93 and 3.24 enjoyed an average quality of life and a relatively highsatisfaction of their residents respectively. Despite having an average life quality, Kosar neighborhoodenjoyed higher satisfaction compared to the Saber neighborhood, and there was a significant relationship between economic indicators and life quality in both neighborhoods. Finally, some recommendations for improving the quality of life in each of the studied neighborhoods were presented.

Strategies to empower the marginalized communities of Ghale Chanan District in Ahwaz Province

398-409Full Text

Jawad Bawi* and Mohammad Rahim Rahnama

Abstract
The main objective of this study is to investigate the problem of marginalization in city of Ahwaz and to propose empowering strategies within the liberal framework. The staggering growth of Ahwaz population as the regional center in the Southwest of Iran, the seventh metropolis of Iran and the second largest city in terms of marginalization have given rise to a plethora of problems such as filthy marginalized communities, illegal housing, etc. One of these marginalized communities is Ghale Chanan District. It has been infused with numerous problems in the last few decades to the extent that it poses health, safety and welfare threats to the city. Empowerment is based on the poverty alleviation and its advancement depends on the cooperation of the citizens and urban management. It aims at provoking the sense of belonging in the area and eliciting the proper response as to the share of the state and people. What is central to this strategy is a special emphasis on increasing household incomes and poverty alleviation. The research method is descriptive - analytic and a sample size of 266 households was randomly selected using Cochrane method. The data obtained by means of the questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS software based on Pearson Chi-Square method. This area is characterized with physical and social features such as relatively stable and homogenous social context, disinclination to cooperate with state-run offices, lack of awareness of the urban management planning among the local people, the low quality of the housing and a combination of all these factors. The results, however, show that the citizens with a longer history of residency in the area enjoy better amenities and services. There is a positive (parallel) relationship between the history of residence and the desire to contribute, and the citizens with higher awareness of urban management planning are more likely to cooperate.

Multi Machine PSS Design by using Meta Heuristic Optimization Techniques

410-416Full Text

Mostafa Abdollahi*, Saeid Ghasrdashti, Hassan Saeidinezhad and Farzad Hosseinzadeh

Abstract
Designing power system stabilizer (PSS) in multi machine power systems has always been reported as a critical issue; because, unsuitable adjusting of PSSs may lead to stability decreasing instead of stability improvement. Therefore, a coordinated PSS design should be carried out in multi machine power systems. In this paper, all PSSs are simultaneously tuned in a multi machine power system. A Meta heuristic optimization technique namely artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is used to adjust the PSSs parameters. Non linear simulations are carried out to validate of results. Simulation results clearly verify that the proposed technique enhances the dynamic stability of the system considering uncertainties.

The Investigation of Differential Effects of Recast and Metalinguistic Feedback on Accuracy, Fluency, and Complexity of Speaking Performance of Male and Female EFL Learners

417-428Full Text

Roya Gholizade

Abstract
The present study was conducted in an EFL setting in Iran. An attempt was made to compare the effectiveness of two types of corrective feedback namely, recast and metalinguistic feedback considering the learners gender. The last ten years witnessed a steady increase in the number of studies that have examined the effects of corrective feedback on L2 speaking performance. This includes both descriptive and experimental research examining a wide range of variables (e.g., type and amount of feedback, mode of feedback, learner's language proficiency level, instructional context, and attitudes towards feedback). One of the relevant variables in corrective feedback studies which seem to be less operationalized is the differential impact of recast and metalinguistic feedback on the male and female's accuracy, complexity and fluency aspects of speaking performance of participants. Therefore, the present research aimed to investigate the differential impact of recast and metalinguistic feedback on speaking performance of male and female EFL learners. To do so, based on proficiency test, 120 participants were selected and randomly divided in six equal homogenous groups namely four experimental (A1=male-recast A2=female-recast B1=male-metalinguistic B2=female-metalinguistic) and two control groups (C1=male C2=female). The experimental groups received recast and metalinguistic feedback instruction of speaking while the control groups continued traditional speaking instruction without feedback. An immediate post-test was administered immediately after treatment to check the effect of recast and metalinguistic feedback on the target form using story telling and free conversation. A delayed post-test was given three weeks later using the same procedure in the immediate post-test to check the probable effect of time. In addition to story telling, the learners were asked to translate a story from their L1. The results obtained from the ANCOVA and t-test showed that corrective feedback, in the form of metalinguistic was effective in leading to speaking accuracy, fluency and complexity. This study failed to find any significant difference between male and female participants.

Comparison of bulk driven, floating gate and sub threshold methods in designing of a typical amplifier

429-436Full Text

Abdullah Ahmadi, Sina Mohammadi, Mohammad Farahanchi and Abdolreza Esmaeli*

Abstract
Nowadays one of the most important parameters in designing analog circuits or even in the digital circuits is Reducing the consumption power of the circuit. In analog circuits, power consumption has a direct relationship with the values of circuit supply voltage and given the equation in digital circuits the power can be directly related to the square of the supply voltage value. It is therefore concluded that the reduction of power consumption of analog or digital circuits can be achieved by reducing the supply voltage. Another advantage of low supply voltage is that circuits are easy to transport because the small battery is used as the supply voltage on them. (e.g., audio devices).

Analytical study on abstract description of transaction documents in Iran law

437-442Full Text

Naser Rahbar Hadi Biglou*, Davoud Zare, Farzad Ezazi Viand and Amin Mousazadeh

Abstract
The ongoing development of transaction and international transaction and the need for speed and ease within the concept of transaction and the role of circulated capital and trade figure in the country's political and economic prospect has obliged the government to provide businessman and merchant’s sense of security in business relations via certain set rules and regulations. Documents, such as promissory notes and checks and bill of exchange s, with specific features and functions, in addition to the inevitable impact on the economy of any country are one of the most important tools of today’s transaction. No businessman can be found who doesn’t deal with these documents daily. On the other hand, the merchant needs security and legal protection along with two principles of speed and ease through circulating its capital; this objective cannot be served by conventional methods in the civil law system thus in the international and domestic legal system there are certain principles dominating business concerning bill of exchange s, principles of which don’t exist in civil documentations, therefore considerable part of the discussion regarding transaction documents deals with their set principles. With respect to the high amount of disputes regarding business documents, these principles and specifically the principle of abstraction of transaction documents are important and inevitable issues.